Pembiayaan Dana Politik : Menangani Realiti
Pertamanya, mari kita berbincang mengenai fakta.
Sumbangan untuk politik adalah sah dari segi undang-undang Malaysia.
Jika anda mempunyai kecenderungan terhadap sesebuah parti politik dan
meyakini perjuangannya, anda boleh membantu mereka mencapai matlamat
dengan menyumbang wang dan/atau aset. Sebetulnya, anda boleh menyumbang
seberapa banyak yang dimahukan: RM10, RM1,000 atau sejuta ringgit –
malah satu bilion ringgit sekalipun – jika mampu berbuat demikian.
Mengimbas kembali, saya pernah menganggotai Jawatankuasa Khas
Mengenai Rasuah Suruhajaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) selama lima
tahun (2008-2013). Saya tahu barisan anggota SPRM berusaha keras untuk
mendapatkan persetujuan parti politik dalam mewujudkan prosedur lebih
telus berhubung sumbangan politik. SPRM berhasrat mahu melihat semua
sumbangan diisytihar secara rasmi atas nama ketelusan dan
kebertanggungjawaban.
Apabila SPRM mula-mula mencadangkan perubahan dari segi pembiayaan
politik, pemimpin politik pertama yang menyokong idea itu mungkin
mengejutkan anda. Tidak lain tidak bukan, ia adalah Datuk Sri Najib Tun
Razak, Pengerusi Barisan Nasional dan Presiden UMNO yang secara terbuka
menyatakan sokongannya terhadap cadangan SPRM dan mahukan ia
dilaksanakan serta dimasukkan ke dalam inisiatif Program Transformasi
Kerajaan (GTP).
Antara parti yang paling awal membantah reformasi pembiayaan adalah
DAP. DAP memberi alasan yang mementingkan diri – dan itu amat
mengecewakan. Pemimpin DAP bimbang perubahan berkenaan bakal merugikan
parti terbabit.
Dalam mesyuarat Transparency International – Malaysia (TI-M) bersama
Ahli Parlimen Pakatan Rakyat pada 1 Disember 2010, minit mesyuarat
melaporkan Tian Chua sebagai berkata: “Beliau bimbang pengisytiharan
penuh akan menjejaskanpenyumbang dan seterusnya menjejaskan pembiayaan
bagi parti pembangkang, kebimbangan bahawa penyumbang mungkin didakwa
oleh parti yang menang kerana menyokong pakatan pembangkang dalam
mana-mana pilihan raya umum. Ini dengan sendirinya akan menyebabkan
pengurangan sumber kewangan bagi pakatan pembangkang.
” Ahli Parlimen DAP
dari Rasah, Anthony Loke turut menyuarakan perkara sama menerusi Forum
Majlis Peguam mengenai pembiayaan politik pada 29 September 2011.
Berdasarkan alasan sama, mengapa Pakatan Rakyat tidak boleh
mendedahkan sumbangan diterima daripada ahli perniagaan dan individu
sejak 2008 di dua negeri terkaya di Malaysia yang diperintahnya – Pulau
Pinang dan Selangor?
Jelas sekali, kebimbangan seperti disuarakan Tian
Chua dan Anthony Loke tidak lebih daripada alasan remeh dan bukannya
atas nama ketelusan.
Semua pihak mengetahui parti pembangkang agak kreatif dalam meraih
dana bagi menampung operasinya. Bukan rahsia juga bahwa mereka menerima
pembiayaan politik daripada ahli perniagaan dan individu yang menyokong
perjuangan, selain penganjuran majlis makan malam amal yang berkesan dan
diadakan hampir setiap minggu (jika bukan setiap malam).
Walaupun tiada yang terkejut jika pembiayaan diterima daripada sumber
domestik, ramai yang membuat spekulasi bahawa parti pembangkang turut
menerima sumbangan daripada sumber luar negara. Sesetengahnya
berselindung sebagai badan bukan kerajaan (NGO) yang kononnya membiayai
bagi kemajuan aspirasi demokratik. Lebih kurang begitulah.
Kembali kepada isu diperkatakan dan dengan bantahan keras daripada
DAP, inisiatif perubahan pembiayaan politik terpaksa dilupakan – tanpa
sempat dimulakan. Ia tidak pernah digerakkan. Ia terbantut. Sehingga
sekarang, ramai yang sukar mempercayai mengapa DAP – parti politik yang
menjulang dirinya sebagai parti reformis – tidak bersetuju dengan idea
berkenaan.
Bagi kebanyakan pihak, sumbangan politik adalah amat penting bagi
DAP. Justeru, sebarang gangguan terhadap aliran pembiayaan politik akan
memusnahkan rancangan besar DAP ke arah membentuk Malaysian Malaysia.
Jika tidak, tentangan jelas DAP terhadap inisiatif perubahan seperti ini
tentungan kelihatan aneh.
Gara-gara DAP, Malaysia kehilangan peluang keemasan untuk menangani
kebimbangan banyak pihak terhadap kerahsiaan yang melingkari pembiayaan
politik di negara ini.
Oleh itu, saya dapati agak menghairankan kebelakangan ini apabila
pemimpin DAP seperti Tony Pua dan Lim Kit Siang kelihatan hipokrit
dalam mendesak Dato’ Sri Najib mendedahkan sumber pembiayaan politik
bagi BN dan UMNO, sedangkan mereka dengan keras menentang inisiatif
perubahan pembiayaan politik sejak awal.
Saya teringat perbahasan di Parlimen selepas Pilihan Raya Umum ke-12.
Saya bertanya kepada Ahli Parlimen DAP dari mana DAP mendapat wang yang
banyak bagi membina ibu pejabat parti yang baru bernilai jutaan ringgit
di Pulau Pinang dalam tempoh 2 tahun Lim Guan Eng menjadi Ketua
Menteri.
Tambahan pula, saya katakan, Gerakan mengambil masa 12 tahun
untuk membina ibu pejabatnya yang kebetulan hanya merupakan sebuah
premis biasa. Saya turut mengingatkan DAP supaya tidak melupakan asal
usul sosialis parti itu, termasuk menolak sebarang bentuk kemewahan.
Bagai dirancang, beberapa Ahli Parlimen DAP bangkit dan mencelah bagi
mengganggu perbahasan saya. Seorang daripadanya, Ahli Parlimen DAP dari
Bruas, Ngeh Koo Ham, menjerit dari tempat duduknya dan mengatakan DAP
mempunyai ramai penyokong yang sanggup memberi sumbangan wang ringgit
kepada DAP.
Dalam satu lagi contoh, pada Pilihan Raya Umum 2008 di Permatang Pauh
(ketika Anwar Ibrahim bertanding kerusi Parlimen) buat pertama kalinya
dalam kerjaya politik saya, BN benar-benar berhabis dari segi logistik
dan jentera pilihan raya seperti poster, kain rentang dan aktiviti
kempen.
Saya masih ingat, setiap kali pekerja parti BN memacak satu bendera
BN, ia pasti ditenggelami oleh bendera pembangkang dalam tempoh dua jam.
Setiap kali BN memasang kain rentang besar, pembangkang akan melakukan
perkara sama dengan kain rentang yang dua kali besar saiznya pada hari
yang sama.
Ternyata, tanpa pembiayaan politik yang banyak, parti pembangkang
tidak mungkin dapat menggerakkan jentera pilihan raya secara
besar-besaran.
Berdasarkan persekitaran pembiayaan politik sedemikian, BN juga tidak
terlepas daripada amalannya. Saya harap Tun Dr Mahathir Mohamad
mengingati catatan dalam blognya yang disiarkan pada 13 Jun 2008, yang
mana beliau mengaku menyerahkan lebih RM1.4 bilion – dalam bentuk tunai
dan aset – kepada Presiden UMNO yang baharu ketika itu, Tun Abdullah
Ahmad Badawi pada 2003. Itu adalah nilai tunai dan aset UMNO pada waktu
itu.
Melangkah 12 tahun ke hadapan ke hari ini, dengan mengambil kira
inflasi sepanjang beberapa tahun dan cabaran lebih hebat dalam membiayai
jawatankuasa Badan Perhubungan Negeri UMNO dan BN di empat negeri
(Selangor, Pulau Pinang, Kedah dan Kelantan) sejak 2008, saya tidak akan
terkejut jika pucuk pimpinan perlu bersikap lebih proaktif dalam
mendapatkan pembiayaan daripada penyokong serta penyumbang.
Di akhirnya, kini wujud keperluan lebih mendesak untuk mengawasi
pembiayaan politik dan hakikat ini tidak boleh dinafikan oleh
pembangkang terutama DAP.
Bagaimanapun, sementara menunggu lonjakan keyakinan itu menjadi
kenyataan dalam kalangan pakatan pembangkang, tiada pihak yang berhak
mendabik dada dan mendakwa dirinya lebih baik berbanding yang lain.
31 July 2015
Datuk Abdul Rahman Dahlan
Director of Strategic Communication, Barisan Nasional
terjemahan asal dari :
Political Funding: Addressing a reality
First, let’s talk facts. Political donation is legal in Malaysia.
If you have special preference for a political party and believe in
their struggle, you can help them achieve their goals by donating your
money and/or assets. Truth be told, you can donate any amount you like:
10 ringgit, 1000 ringgit or even a million – or a billion ringgit for
that matter – if you have that kind of amount to spare.
Looking back, I used to be a member of the MACC’s Special Committee
on Corruption for a span of 5 years (2008-2013). I know for a fact that
those fine men and women of the MACC have been trying to get political
parties to agree to a more transparent procedure when it comes to
political donations. MACC has said that they aspire to have all
donations officially declared in the name of transparency and
accountability.
When the MACC came up with the notion of political funding reforms,
the first head of a political party who supported the idea, would
probably surprise you. It was none other than Dato’ Sri Najib Tun Razak,
the Chairman of Barisan Nasional and UMNO President who publicly
declared his support to the MACC’s proposal and wanted it to be
implemented and co-opted under the Government Transformation Program’s
initiative.
One of the first parties to object to the funding reform was DAP. The
reason given by DAP was largely self-serving – and what a huge
disappointment that had been. DAP’s leaders said they feared that the
reform would put DAP at a disadvantage.
On 1 December 2010, in a meeting with Transparency International –
Malaysia (TI-M) with Pakatan Rakyat’s members of parliament, Tian Chua
was reported in the minutes of the meeting to have said, “he feared that
full disclosure would hurt their contributors and consequently the
financing for the opposition, the fear is that the donors might be
prosecuted by the winning coalition for supporting the losing coalition
in any general election. This would result in a substantial decline of
income source for the loosing coalition”. DAP’s Rasah MP Anthony Loke
said essentially the same in a Bar Council Forum about political funding
on 29 September 2011.
Going along the same argument, why couldn’t Pakatan Rakyat reveal
since 2008 the donations they have received from businessmen and
individuals in the two richest states they governed – Penang and
Selangor – in Malaysia? Clearly the fear of backlash as cited by Tian
Chua and Anthony Loke was just a lame excuse and not done in the best
interest of transparency.
Everyone knows that the opposition parties are quite savvy in raising
funds for their operations. It is also an open secret that they receive
political funding from interested businesses and individuals, not to
mention from the traditional but effective fund-raising dinners held
almost weekly (if not nightly). While no one will be surprised if the
funding comes from domestic sources, many people have been speculating
that opposition parties also receive funding from foreign sources, too.
Some seem to be disguised as NGO funding for the advancement of
democratic ideals. Or so it would seem.
Coming back to matters at hand and with that strong objection from
DAP, the political funding reform initiative was effectively shelved –
it became a non-starter. It never took off.
It stalled. Until now many
people couldn’t believe why DAP – a political party that prides itself
as reformist party – didn’t accede to the idea. It seems to many people
political contribution for DAP is very crucial. Thus any disruption to
the free flow of political funding would be disastrous to DAP’s grand
plan of Malaysian Malaysia. Otherwise, an unequivocal rejection by DAP
of a sure slam-dunk reform initiative like this seemed very odd indeed.
No thanks to DAP, Malaysia has lost a great opportunity to address the
growing concerns of secrecy regarding political funding in this country.
So, I find it rather perplexing that lately the likes of Tony Pua and
Lim Kit Siang have been hypocrite enough in demanding Dato’ Sri Najib
to reveal the sources of political funding for BN and UMNO, when they
have maliciously rejected the political funding reform initiative in the
first place.
I recall in minute detail a debate I had in parliament after the 12th
general election. I asked DAP MPs how did DAP get so much money to
build their new spanking multi million state headquarters in Penang
within a mere 2 years of Lim Guan Eng becoming the Chief Minister. After
alI, I said it took Gerakan a long 12 years to build its state
headquarters which happens to be just an ordinary premise.
And I
reminded DAP not to forget its socialist roots, which includes loathing
anything that smacks of grandeur. As if on cue, several DAP MPs rose to
their feet and started hackling me in the middle of my speech. One of
them, Ngeh Koo Ham, DAP’s MP for Bruas, shouted across the divide, that
DAP had plenty of supporters who were willing to donate their money for
DAP’s cause.
On another occasion, during the Permatang Pauh election in 2008 (when
Anwar Ibrahim stood as parliamentary candidate), for the first time in
my whole political career, BN was absolutely out-spent in terms of
logistics and election machinery e.g. posters, banners and campaign
activities. I remember, every time BN party workers planted one BN flag,
within 2 hours it would be drowned by hundreds of opposition flags.
Whenever BN put up sizeable banners, the opposition would outdo us with
twice the magnitude within half a day.
It is clear that without huge political donation, there is no way for
the opposition parties to run their massive election machinery.
Based on this ethos of political funding, BN is familiar too to such
pursuit. It is my hope that Tun Dr Mahathir does remember his blog
posting, which was published on 13 June 2008, where he admitted that he
handed over RM1.4 billion – in cash and assets – to the then newly
minted UMNO president, Tun Abdullah Ahmad Badawi in 2003. That was the
value of UMNO’s cash and assets back then.
Fast forward 12 years to the
present day, taking into consideration inflation over the years and the
greater challenges to fund UMNO and BN state liaison committees in the 4
states (namely Selangor, Penang, Kedah and Kelantan) which they lost
since 2008, I won’t be surprised if the leadership has to be more
proactive to solicit more funding from its supporters and donors.
All said and done, there is now a louder demand to regulate political
donations and the opposition especially DAP can’t ignore it anymore.
But until such monumental leap of faith becomes a reality within the
opposition’s coalition, one should never be deluded enough to hold the
higher ground against another.
31 July 2015
Datuk Abdul Rahman Dahlan
Director of Strategic Communication, Barisan Nasional
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